Addiction reflects dysregulation of reward, stress, and control circuits
These circuits are shaped by trauma, learning, and environment
Recovery restores circuit balance through biology and relationship and dignity
Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2016). Neurobiology of addiction: A neurocircuitry analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(1), 306–327.
Volkow, N. D., Koob, G. F., & McLellan, A. T. (2022). The science of addiction and recovery. New England Journal of Medicine, 387(3), 221–232
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